@article{turing1950,
  author = {Turing, A. M.},
  title = {Computing Machinery and Intelligence},
  journal = {Mind},
  volume = {LIX},
  number = {236},
  pages = {433--460},
  year = {1950},
  doi = {10.1093/mind/LIX.236.433}
}

@article{searle1980,
  author = {Searle, John R.},
  title = {Minds, Brains, and Programs},
  journal = {Behavioral and Brain Sciences},
  year = {1980},
  doi = {10.1017/S0140525X00005756}
}

@article{harnad1990,
  author = {Harnad, Stevan},
  title = {The Symbol Grounding Problem},
  journal = {Physica D: Nonlinear Phenomena},
  year = {1990},
  doi = {10.1016/0167-2789(90)90087-6}
}

@inproceedings{vaswani2017,
  author = {Vaswani, Ashish and others},
  title = {Attention Is All You Need},
  booktitle = {Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems},
  year = {2017},
  url = {https://papers.nips.cc/paper_files/paper/2017/hash/3f5ee243547dee91fbd053c1c4a845aa-Abstract.html}
}

@inproceedings{brown2020,
  author = {Brown, Tom B. and others},
  title = {Language Models are Few-Shot Learners},
  booktitle = {Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems},
  year = {2020},
  url = {https://proceedings.neurips.cc/paper/2020/hash/1457c0d6bfcb4967418bfb8ac142f64a-Abstract.html}
}

@inproceedings{benderkoller2020,
  author = {Bender, Emily M. and Koller, Alexander},
  title = {Climbing towards NLU: On Meaning, Form, and Understanding in the Age of Data},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of ACL},
  year = {2020},
  doi = {10.18653/v1/2020.acl-main.463}
}

@inproceedings{bisk2020,
  author = {Bisk, Yonatan and others},
  title = {Experience Grounds Language},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of EMNLP},
  year = {2020},
  doi = {10.18653/v1/2020.emnlp-main.703}
}

@inproceedings{lakebaroni2018,
  author = {Lake, Brenden M. and Baroni, Marco},
  title = {Generalization without Systematicity: On the Compositional Skills of Sequence-to-Sequence Recurrent Networks},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of ICML},
  year = {2018},
  url = {https://proceedings.mlr.press/v80/lake18a.html}
}

@misc{li2022othello,
  author = {Li, Kenneth and others},
  title = {Emergent World Representations: Exploring a Sequence Model Trained on a Synthetic Task},
  year = {2022},
  eprint = {2210.13382},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv}
}

@inproceedings{gurnee2024,
  author = {Gurnee, Wes and Tegmark, Max},
  title = {Language Models Represent Space and Time},
  booktitle = {ICLR},
  year = {2024},
  url = {https://proceedings.iclr.cc/paper_files/paper/2024/hash/0a6059857ae5c82ea9726ee9282a7145-Abstract-Conference.html}
}

@inproceedings{hewittliang2019,
  author = {Hewitt, John and Liang, Percy},
  title = {Designing and Interpreting Probes with Control Tasks},
  booktitle = {EMNLP-IJCNLP},
  year = {2019},
  doi = {10.18653/v1/D19-1275}
}

@article{geiger2025,
  author = {Geiger, Atticus and others},
  title = {Causal Abstraction: A Theoretical Foundation for Mechanistic Interpretability},
  journal = {Journal of Machine Learning Research},
  year = {2025},
  volume = {26},
  number = {83},
  url = {https://www.jmlr.org/papers/v26/23-0058.html}
}

@article{mitchellkrakauer2023,
  author = {Mitchell, Melanie and Krakauer, David C.},
  title = {The Debate over Understanding in AI's Large Language Models},
  journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences},
  year = {2023},
  doi = {10.1073/pnas.2215907120}
}
