{
  "schema_version": "1.0",
  "updated": "2026-09-25",
  "status": "author_review_complete_external_review_pending",
  "claims": [
    {
      "id": "psy-01",
      "claim": "Uncertainty-identity theory proposes that self-uncertainty can increase attraction to clearly bounded groups and directive leaders; it does not predict that uncertainty inevitably causes extremism.",
      "confidence": "high-for-theory-summary",
      "allowed_wording_ar": "قد يزيد عدم اليقين انجذاب بعض الناس إلى جماعة شديدة الوضوح، لكنه لا يقود حتماً إلى التطرف.",
      "sources": [
        "https://doi.org/10.1177/0963721414540168"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "psy-02",
      "claim": "A meta-analysis of 90 studies found an association between identity fusion and extreme pro-group orientations, with variation across settings and measures.",
      "confidence": "high",
      "allowed_wording_ar": "وجد تحليل تلوي شمل 90 دراسة ارتباطاً بين اندماج الهوية والتوجهات القصوى المؤيدة للجماعة، مع اختلافات بين السياقات والمقاييس.",
      "sources": [
        "https://doi.org/10.1080/10463283.2023.2190267"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "psy-03",
      "claim": "Rumor repetition creates familiarity but does not create independent evidence; claim accuracy requires tracing reports to independent direct observation.",
      "confidence": "high-for-general-principle",
      "allowed_wording_ar": "تكرار الخبر يزيد الألفة ولا يصنع مصدراً مستقلاً؛ يلزم تتبع الرواية إلى الملاحظة المباشرة الأولى.",
      "sources": [
        "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-9004.2010.00321.x"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "psy-04",
      "claim": "Self-fulfilling prophecies describe feedback in which expectations influence behavior that contributes to the expected outcome; effects are bounded and do not mean one side creates every result.",
      "confidence": "high-for-review-summary",
      "allowed_wording_ar": "النبوءة ذاتية التحقق حلقة تؤثر فيها التوقعات في السلوك الذي يساهم في النتيجة، وتأثيرها محدود ولا يعني أنها تخلق كل نتيجة.",
      "sources": [
        "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-9004.2011.00375.x"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "psy-05",
      "claim": "Prior investment, responsibility and other factors can increase escalation of commitment to a failing course of action.",
      "confidence": "high-for-meta-analysis-summary",
      "allowed_wording_ar": "قد تجعل الاستثمارات السابقة والشعور بالمسؤولية وعوامل أخرى التراجع عن مسار فاشل أصعب.",
      "sources": [
        "https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2010.0696",
        "https://doi.org/10.1177/0021886301373006"
      ]
    }
  ]
}